Mariculture in California

Mariculture in California is currently under development by several private concerns, universities, and by the California Department of Fish and Game. At present, most of these efforts classify as research and development with a few in the pilot production phase. The Department of Fish and Game is presently conducting research in the culture of mortality resistant strains of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, and the spot prawn, Pandalus platyceros. (18pp.

Diablo Canyon Power Plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 2; October 1 - December 31, 1973

During the period October 1 - December 31, 1973, Fall surveys of permanent subtidal stations were completed with one station being surveyed. We were unable to locate 3 subtidal stations. Intertidal studies were initiated in November. A total of 12 random stations was surveyed. Interviews were conducted with commercial abalone fishermen working between Pt. Buchon to Pecho Rock. We continued to monitor the sea otter herd foraging between Pt. Buchon and Lion Rock. Progress was achieved in the abalone temperature tolerance studies when a successful spawning occurred. (20pp.

Diablo canyon power plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 1; July 1 - September 30, 1973

The second phase of ecological studies at the Diablo Canyon Power Plant site was initiated in July 1973. The first, phase conducted during 1970-71 involved baseline ecological surveys with special reference to abalone and bony fishes. The objectives of this second phase are to quantitativey monitor abalone and algal communities, including predators and competitors, along permanent intertidal and subtidal transects established during the first phase. During the quarter nine permanent transects were located and marked with new buoys. Surveys on seven of these transects were completed, and the commercial sea urchin and red abalone fisheries operating in the Diablo Cove area were monitored. Sea otter activities between Diablo Cove and Pt. Buchon were recorded to determine the location of the herd and their general food habits. Little evidence of feeding activity has been observed in Diablo Cove. Temperature tolerance studies, began in March 1973 on red abalones, were continued. Problems in obtaining viable abalone larvae hampered this project.(11pp.

Diablo Canyon Power Plant site ecological study Quarterly Report No. 3; January 1 - March 31, 1974

During the period January 1 - March 31, 1974, winter surveys of the permanent subtidal stations were initiated. Three stations were surveyed. We completed our winter random intertidal surveys; a total of 14 stations in Diablo Cove and the North Control Area were visited. The commercial sea urchin fishery resumed and we began interviewing fishermen again. Very little commercial abalone fishing occurred due to the one-month closed season and winter storms. We observed a sea otter in North Cove for the first time and harbor seals were also observcd on the eastern end of the south breakwater for the first time since we began our studies. (17pp.

Dungeness crab research program: Report for the Year 1976

All larval stages of the 1976 year class, with the exception of the 5th zoeal stage, were found in Gu1f waters January through March. The first post-larval stage was collected in San Pablo Bay in May. Fifty percent of 1976 year class crabs entered the Bay complex as compared to nearly 80% in 1975. The 1976 year class appears relatively weak. No electrophoretic polymorphism was found in Cancer magister to be of value in Dungeness crab population determinations. Multi-variate correlations comparing crab landings with an array of oceanographic parameters and the crab density dependent factor were computer-run for both northern and central California. The most significant correlating factors at the time late stage larvae prevail were sea level and atmospheric pressure for central California and, for northern California, the density dependent factor and sea surface temperature. Female crabs held at controlled temperatures indicated gonad maturation and spawning may be induced by increased temperature. Analyses of crab tissues revealed burdens of petroleum hydrocarbons, silver, selenium, cadmium, and PCB's higher in central California crabs, while DDE was found in higher amounts in northern California crab tissue. Thru-flow culture systems were developed which should yield about 163 megalopae of Dungeness crabs in 63 days from 1,200 laboratory hatched zoeae.(46pp.

Observations on the larval hatching success of dungeness crab, Cancer magister, from the San Francisco and Eureka-Crescent City region

Ovigerous Dungeness crabs were collected from the San Francisco and Eureka-Crescent City regions and maintained at the Department's Marine Culture Laboratory near Monterey. Hatching success, expressed as viable larvae released, was measured and compared by region. Larval counts were made from 15 Dungeness crabs, 5 from the San Francisco region, 7 from the Eureka-Crescent City area and 3 of unknown origin. Mean hatching success exceeded 80% in the San Francisco region, and averaged more than 90% in the Eureka-Crescent City area. However, a Student's t-Test showed this difference in hatching success was not significant. (16pp.

Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study annual report; July 1, 1973 - June 30, 1974

We completed surveys of 11 permanent subtidal stations, 17 random subtidal stations, 4 permanent intertidal stations, and 29 random intertidal stations during the period. In addition, we conducted studies on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris, herd located between Diablo Cove and Point Buchon, continued the annual count of the mature bed of the bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, within Diablo Cove, and interviewed commercial abalone and sea urchin divers for catch-per-unit-of-effort data. During the year, sea otters moved south into the cove east of Lion Rock and then into Diablo Cove. (107pp.) The commercial abalone fishery showed signs of decline, while the commercial sea urchin fishery continued to expand. Several diving surveys were conducted inside Intake Cove to check on dredging progress; the cove appears to have become a haven for juvenile rockfish (Sebastes). The red abalone temperature tolerance studies were completed at the Department's marine culture laboratory at Granite Canyon

Action-based recommendation in pull-request development

Pull requests (PRs) selection is a challenging task faced by integrators in pull-based development (PbD), with hundreds of PRs submitted on a daily basis to large open-source projects. Managing these PRs manually consumes integrators' time and resources and may lead to delays in the acceptance, response, or rejection of PRs that can propose bug fixes or feature enhancements. On the one hand, well-known platforms for performing PbD, like GitHub, do not provide built-in recommendation mechanisms for facilitating the management of PRs. On the other hand, prior research on PRs recommendation has focused on the likelihood of either a PR being accepted or receive a response by the integrator. In this paper, we consider both those likelihoods, this to help integrators in the PRs selection process by suggesting to them the appropriate actions to undertake on each specific PR. To this aim, we propose an approach, called CARTESIAN (aCceptance And Response classificaTion-based requESt IdentificAtioN) modeling the PRs recommendation according to PR actions. In particular, CARTESIAN is able to recommend three types of PR actions: accept, respond, and reject. We evaluated CARTESIAN on the PRs of 19 popular GitHub projects. The results of our study demonstrate that our approach can identify PR actions with an average precision and recall of about 86%. Moreover, our findings also highlight that CARTESIAN outperforms the results of two baseline approaches in the task of PRs selection

Fish Bulletin 146. Man-Made Reef Ecology

This report discusses in detail findings and observations made during more than 4 years of study on three experimental multi-component man-made reefs, and one "production" model reef, in Santa Monica Bay, California (August 1960–January 1965). The multi-component replication reefs were each constructed of 333 tons of quarry rock, one streetcar, 14 automobile bodies, and 44 concrete shelters. The "production" model reef was 1000 tons of quarry rock. The study was designed to investigate various aspects of man-made reef ecosystems and to determine the optimum material for reef construction in southern California.Observations made and sampling conducted at each reef included: (i) enumeration (by estimate) of the fishes, invertebrates, and plants, (ii) sediment analysis, (iii) water temperature, (iv) water clarity, and (v) encrusting growths on each reef material.Quarry rock was determined to be the preferred reef building material (based upon cost and ease of handling), even though the concrete shelters attracted the largest number of fishes. Further, quarry rock disturbed the bottom sediments less than the other three materials.True succession, not seasonal progression, was recorded for the various encrusting organisms. During the first year, a barnacle-hydroid phase was closely followed by mollusk-polychaete, ascidian-sponge, and finally encrusting ectoproct stages. Subsequent stages involve aggregate anemones, gorgonians, and stony corals.More than 200 invertebrates (protozoans to tunicates) were recorded during this study. Notations concerning each species occurrence, growth, importance on the reef, ecological niche, and known predatorprey relationships are presented.Fish populations around each reef, and material, were assessed by: (i) species enumeration, (ii) estimates of size ranges, (iii) feeding habits, and (iv) general behavioral traits. Underwater tagging techniques were developed and employed to determine fish movements. In all, 78 species (35 families and 60 genera) were recorded. Embiotocid perches and serranids were dominant during the first two years of reef life. In time they decreased in dominance while resident species (e.g., cottids, gobies, damselfish, etc.) increased.Observed fishes were classified as reef associated or non-reef associated, based upon their requirements or association to our reefs: a reef biotype being required to satisfy one or more life processes of a reef oriented species. We further subdivided the reef associated species into semi-resident (which periodically leave the reef) and resident forms (which consistently remain on the reef).Fishing success on the reefs was two to three times that recorded for nearby natural reef areas. In some instances, due to the fish concentrating effect of these structures, angler success may be even higher.Man-made reefs can turn "non-productive" areas of the nearshore into "productive" fishing areas. Initially, these structures attract fishes from surrounding areas. With time (about 5 years in our area) a natural situation is reached and the plant and animal populations exhibit fluctuations typical of reef ecosystems